School Violence

Overview

Research shows that prevention efforts – by teachers, administrators, parents, community members, and even students – can reduce violence and improve the overall school environment. No one factor in isolation causes school violence, so stopping school violence involves using multiple prevention strategies that address the many individual, relationship, community, and societal factors that influence the likelihood of violence.
 
Prevention efforts should ultimately reduce risk factors and promote protective factors at these multiple levels of influence. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention)
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Resources

K-12 ANONYMIZED THREAT RESPONSE GUIDANCE

K-12 Anonymized Threat Response GuidanceU.S. Department of Homeland Security – The “Anonymized Threat Response Guidance: A Toolkit for K-12 Schools” can help K-12 schools and law enforcement and community partners create tailored approaches to addressing anonymous threats of violence, including those received on social media.

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SCHOOL VIOLENCE PREVENTION: TIPS FOR PARENTS & EDUCATORS

SSI School Violence Website Image NASP Tips Parents EducatorsNASP – Children, staff, and parents all have an important role in promoting school safety by following procedures and reporting concerns. It is also important to balance sufficient building security with a healthy, nurturing, school environment.

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AVERTING TARGETED SCHOOL VIOLENCE: A U.S. SECRET SERVICE ANALYSIS OF PLOTS AGAINST SCHOOLS

Averting Targeted School Violence: A U.S. Secret Service Analysis of Plots Against Schools examines instances when a student advanced a plan to attack their school but was stopped before violence occurred. The report affirms the importance of bystander reporting and intervention before a student’s behavior escalates to violence.
Video on Averting Targeted School Violence

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THREAT ASSESSMENT AT SCHOOL

SSI School Violence Website Image NASP Threat AssessmentNASP – Brief Facts and Tips – Threat assessment is intended to prevent violence and involves both assessment and intervention. Threat assessment involves determining whether a student poses a threat of violence (they have intent and means to carry out the threat).

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QUESTIONS TO ASK FOR ARMED ASSAILANT DRILLS FACTSHEET

SSI School Violence Website Image NASP Questions to AskNASP – New Resource. Download the Questions to Ask for Armed Assailant Drills Factsheet, which is also included in the updated guidance document as an appendix.

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RETURNING TO SCHOOL AFTER A CRISIS: A GUIDE TO ADDRESSING TRAUMATIC EVENTS AT SCHOOL

National Center for School Safety – This guide is intended as a resource that teachers and other school personnel can use to help students cope with the aftermath of a school shooting or other traumatic events.

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A QUICK GUIDE TO INFORMATION SHARING DURING THREAT REPORTING & ASSESSMENT

National Center for School Safety – This document brings together resources that explain when to release or withhold student information collected through reporting systems and threat assessment processes.

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BOMBING PREVENTION ASSISTANCE FOR K-12 SCHOOLS

CISA Bombing Prevention Assistance for K-12 SchoolsCISA – This product provides K-12 schools and districts with products, tools, and Counter-Improvised Explosive Device (C-IED) strategies to protect, prevent, mitigate, and respond to bombing threats.

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VIRTUAL RESILIENCY CENTER

National Mass Violence Center – NMVC’s Virtual Resiliency Center provides resources to help individuals and communities recover from mass violence. Each category contains vital information to assist victims, survivors, and anyone affected by mass violence. You’ll find a variety of text, video, interactive elements, and links to valuable resources. 

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TALKING TO CHILDREN ABOUT VIOLENCE: TIPS FOR PARENTS AND TEACHERS

SSI School Violence Website Image NASP Talking to ChildrenNASP – High profile acts of violence, particularly in schools, can confuse and frighten children who may feel in danger or worry that their friends or loved-ones are at risk. They will look to adults for information and guidance on how to react. Parents and school personnel can help children feel safe by establishing a sense of normalcy and security and talking with them about their fears.

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PROTECTING AMERICA’S SCHOOLS: A U.S. SECRET SERVICE ANALYSIS OF TARGETED SCHOOL VIOLENCE

Protecting America’s Schools: A U.S. Secret Service Analysis of Targeted School Violence is the most comprehensive analysis of targeted school violence ever produced by the federal government. The study offers unparalleled insight into the motives, behaviors, and other situational factors that ultimately led to school violence.

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RESPONDING TO SCHOOL VIOLENCE: TIPS FOR ADMINISTRATORS

SSI School Violence Website Image NASP Responding to School ViolenceNASP – School principals and superintendents can provide leadership by reassuring students, staff, and parents … and reiterating what safety measures and student supports are already in place in their school.

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TRAUMA-INFORMED, RESILIENCE-ORIENTED SCHOOLS TOOLKIT

National Center for School Safety – A toolkit outlining a framework for implementing Trauma-Informed, Resilience-Oriented (TR) approaches in schools and school districts.

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MENTAL HEALTH

SSI School Violence Website Image Common Sense Media Mental HealthCommon Sense Media – With concerns mounting over the impact of media and technology on well-being, parents want to make sure kids are interacting in positive ways. But when kids disappear into their devices, it’s hard to tell if there’s cause for concern — or not. In partnership with the Child Mind Institute, Common Sense Media offers advice and solutions for potential pitfalls such as addiction, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Learn more about keeping media and tech use healthy and positive, identifying mental health red flags, and when it might be time to step in.

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SCHOOL VIOLENCE PREVENTION

SSI School Violence Website Image NASP School Violence PreventionNASP – Brief Facts and Tips – All schools work to prevent school violence and schools are very safe places. Students, staff, and parents all have an important role in promoting school safety. Adults can provide leadership by reassuring students that schools are generally very safe places for children and youth and reiterating what safety measures and student supports are already in place in their schools.

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ENHANCING SCHOOL SAFETY USING A THREAT ASSESSMENT MODEL

SSI School Violence Website Image Secret Service Enhancing School SafetyU.S. Secret Service – This operational guide was developed to provide fundamental direction on how to prevent incidents of targeted school violence, that is, when a student specifically selects a school or a member of the school community for harm. The content in this guide is based on information developed by the U.S. Protective Intelligence and Assessment Division, National Threat Assessment Center (NTAC).

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UNDERSTANDING SCHOOL VIOLENCE

SSI School Violence Website Image CDC Understanding School ViolenceCDC – Youth violence includes various behaviors. Some violent acts – such as bullying, pushing, and shoving – can cause more emotional harm than physical harm.

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WHAT WORKS IN SCHOOLS: SAFE AND SUPPORTIVE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTS

CDC – Creating safe and supportive environments (SSE) emphasizes aspects of the school environment that encourage students to be more engaged in their school life and feel connected to important adults at school and at home.

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FAST FACT: PREVENTING SCHOOL VIOLENCE

SSI School Violence Website Image CDC Preventing School ViolenceCDC – School violence is violence that occurs in the school setting. It describes violent acts that disrupt learning and have a negative effect on students, schools, and the broader community. School is the location where the violence occurs, not a type of violence.

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BEHAVIORAL THREAT ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT AT A GLANCE

National Center for School Safety – Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management (BTAM) is a form of violence risk assessment that assesses individuals who have threatened harm.

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TOOLKIT FOR STRENGTHENING K-12 REPORTING PROGRAMS

The willingness of bystanders to come forward with concerns for the wellness and safety of themselves or others is a key component of student health and violence prevention efforts in kindergarten through 12th grade (K12) schools. The CISA-USSS K-12 Bystander Reporting Toolkit is designed to help community leaders create tailored, customized approaches to encourage reporting that meet the needs of their unique communities. It can be used to inform safety planning for the range of K-12 schools across the United States and is applicable to diverse geographical contexts ranging from rural to urban, and to schools and districts at various levels of maturity in their approach to reporting.

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Data and Statistics

PREVENTING SCHOOL VIOLENCE

SSI School Violence Website Image CDC Preventing School ViolenceCDC – School violence describes violent acts that disrupt learning and have a negative … publications, data sources, and prevention resources for school violence. School violence describes violent acts that disrupt learning and have a negative effect on students, schools, and the broader community. School is the location where the violence occurs, not a type of violence.

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INDICATORS OF SCHOOL CRIME AND SAFETY

National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Justice Statistics, this annual report examines crime occurring in schools and colleges. This report presents data on crime at school from the perspectives of students, teachers, principals, and the general population from an array of sources. The report covers topics such as victimization, teacher injury, bullying, school conditions, fights, weapons, and student use of drugs and alcohol. The indicators of crime and safety are compared across different population subgroups and over time. Data on crimes that occur away from school are also offered as a point of comparison where available.

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KCSS Resources

What is Bullying? Handout

Topics on this handout include: “Characteristics of those who bully”, “Alarming Stats” and “Who are the victims?” (KCSS 2-Sided Handout)

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Student Bullying Handout

Topics on this handout include: “What is Bullying?”, “Are you bullying others?”, “Students: What’s with those who bully?”, “Bystanders to Bullying” and “Why don’t kids ask for help?” (KCSS 2-Sided Handout)

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Myths of Bullying Handout

Topics on this handout include: “Shattering the myths of bullying”, “You Can Help”, “Who’s the bully… not my child!” and “Why don’t kids ask for help?” (KCSS 2-Sided Handout)

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K-12 BULLY PREVENTION TRAINING

SSI Internet Safety Website Image KCSS TrainingThe underpinning of the Kentucky Center for School Safety is that a safe, nurturing learning environment is essential to an effective and productive school. For that reason, KCSS is offers. anti-bullying trainings to assist school districts with understanding the impact of bullying effective strategies for change, and framework for implementing a Comprehensive Bullying Prevention Plan. For more information or to schedule a training for your school contact Dan Orman at 502-783-1449, cell 502-424-8652 or email to dan.orman@ksba.org

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Parents’ Bullying Handout

Topics on this handout include: “What is Bullying?”, “Have they been guilty of bullying someone else?”, “Parents: How to talk about bullying”, “What’s up with all the bullying behavior?”, “5 Tips for parents to prevent bullying” and “Safe on Social Media!”  (KCSS 2-Sided Handout)

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Curriculum and Classroom Lessons

OLWEUS BULLYING PREVENTION PROGRAM

The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program is designed to improve peer relations and make schools safer, more positive places for students to learn and develop.

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SAFE SCHOOLS PROGRAM

In the wake of recent school violence, and after a strong demand from area schools, the Kentucky State Police (KSP) with input from school administrators across the state, have developed a program aimed at helping all schools respond effectively during an active shooting incident. The program does not set school policy. It provides four levels of KSP assistance to aid school officials in establishing their own action plans. School administrators, depending on the need of the individual schools, can choose any one or all four levels of the assistance being offered.

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SAFE SCHOOLS PROGRAM FOR YOUNGER KIDS!

SSI School Violence Website Image KSP Safe Schools KidsKentucky State Police (KSP) created this video to teach younger kids about school safety, and not scare them. It is being provided for schools to use as a recourse for their kids. Any school or organization can utilize this video as a tool in their classroom. Feel free to use the streaming link from YouTube, or download the file here.

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Date Last Reviewed: October 2025